Bringing All Americans Together!

#39: Creating the National Museum of the American People Without Federal Funding

NMAP Staff — Mon, 20 May 2019 13:50:32 +0000

There are three funding phases anticipated to plan, build and operate the National Museum of the American People. None of them foresee using federal appropriations.

The first phase is to cover the cost of a study to explore the feasibility of creating the Museum, which we talked about in Blog #18. We estimate the cost would be up to $1.75 million for this study which would take approximately a year to produce. We plan to obtain support later this year from a handful of prospective major donors and foundations to cover this entire cost.

The second fundraising phase will be to raise all of the funds required to plan and build the Museum. Our model for this phase is the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum which raised all of its money to plan and build that museum from private sources. The work done in the feasibility study will let us know approximately how much money we will need for the NMAP and the time frame required to raise it. We expect it to be in the $600-800 million range.

While we will not be seeking federal appropriations for this phase, we will want legislation passed to create a self-funding entity charged with planning and building the Museum and raising all its funds required to do so. This legislation would officially designate the institution as a national museum.

That legislation would also do two other things to expedite the Museum. One would be a transfer of a prime piece of land in Washington from the National Park Service to the Museum entity. The particular plot we seek, the Banneker Overlook site, is already on NPS books as a site for a future national museum.

Another element of the legislation would allow the Museum to accept gifts from foreign governments. A senior U.S. diplomat, possibly a former secretary of state, could be recruited to obtain gifts of $1 million to $20 million, but with a cap so that no single nation could contribute an inordinate amount.

The Museum, telling about the origins of all Americans, can draw U.S. relationships with other nations closer. The heads of state from across the globe could be expected to participate in the Museum’s opening and the gifts from nations’ would be acknowledged in the Museum.

Another significant fund-raising element of the second phase is to seek seven-figure or higher gifts from selected individuals, foundations and corporations that have a special interest in their heritage, in civic education for all Americans and in strengthening our nation’s social fabric. And as the Museum tells the story of every customer of every corporation in the land, an association with the NMAP will carry a positive impact with every corporation’s customer base.

With significant gifts providing a solid financial base to begin planning and building the Museum, the last element of this phase is to engage in a broad national fund-raising effort to obtain gifts from all Americans in any amount.

Once the Museum entity is established by Congress, all money donated to that entity are considered gifts to the federal government and are ear-marked for the Museum. They would be tax deductible up to the limit laid out in the tax law.

The third phase is to fund the annual operating budget of the Museum. One element of this is to establish a major endowment that would be used for this purpose. So in addition to raising funds described in the second phase to plan and build the NMAP, funds from those sources would be applied to the endowment once the initial goals were reached.

In addition, income from Museum operations such as the book store, shops, restaurants, programs and facility rentals would be applied to cover operations. There would also be a significant on-going fund-raising effort to fund particular programs at the Museum and an effort to obtain grants for other programs as well. There would be an ongoing membership program and other general fund-raising efforts.

One significant source of income could be from visitor fees, but the NMAP would initially plan to follow the lead of the Smithsonian Institution and the USHMM which are free for visitors.

Whether federal appropriations are ever provided to the NMAP in the future to defray annual operating expenses would be up to future congresses and the public, but the National Museum of the American People is not planning for that contingency.

But first things first. Phase One will begin later this year.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#38: Latino/Hispanic Story Is Incorporated into All 4 Chapters of National Museum of the American People

NMAP Staff — Fri, 10 May 2019 13:00:43 +0000

Flags representing the origins of the nine largest Latino/Hispanic groups in America:
Mexican, Puerto Rican, Salvadoran, Cuban, Dominican, Columbian, Guatemalan, Ecuadoran, Honduran

The history of Americans of Hispanic/Latino descent is the only story, along with Native Americans, that will flow through all four chapters of the Making of the American People, the permanent exhibition of the National Museum of the American People from the first people in the Western Hemisphere through today.

In the Museum’s first chapter that goes from prehistory to the founding of the Jamestown colony in 1607, includes the story of first contact between natives and Europeans which is predominantly about Spanish and Portuguese explorers and settlers interacting with natives in the Western Hemisphere after 1492. This chapter includes the first Spanish arrival in what is now Puerto Rico in 1493 and the first Spanish settlement in what is now the United States at St. Augustine, FL in 1565.

In the second chapter from 1607 to 1820 the Museum’s story will focus on what is now the United States and all of its territories. During this period Hispanics moved into those lands, primarily in the U.S. Southwest. They also owned territory that would later be lost to the French who sold it to the newly established United States. Likewise, Florida and the New Orleans area were Spanish territories that become part of the U.S. during this period.

In the third chapter from 1820 to 1924 the U.S. fought wars with both Mexico and Spain. As a result it acquired Hispanic lands, including California and most of the rest of the U.S. Southwest, from Mexico. Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines were obtained from Spain. Texas, which had gained independence from Spain on its own, was annexed by the U.S. during this chapter.

In the last chapter from 1924 through today, the Museum will tell the modern immigration stories from the Americas. These new arrivals have primarily come from Mexico, but large numbers have also come from other Hispanic nations and territories in the Caribbean, principally Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Dominican Republic. The story of their journeys across the nation’s borders is one of the major issues facing our nation today.

Supporting the Museum now are 25 Hispanic/Latino organizations representing Americans from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Cuba, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic and Bolivia as well as blanket organizations representing a cross section of all Hispanics or Latinos.

There are already 23 eminent scholars from universities across the U.S. supporting the Museum who focus on the study of Latino and Hispanic history and culture. They and others who will join in the future will help the Museum tell its story.

While there has been a call for a separate Smithsonian museum on the National Mall in Washington, DC devoted to Latino history and culture, in December the Smithsonian announced that it would create a permanent exhibition devoted to Latino history and culture in its National Museum of American History. That museum attracts more than 3 million visitors annually and that new permanent exhibition is scheduled to open in 2020.

The story of Hispanics/Latinos told in the context of the history of all those who have become Americans will attract all groups to see their own stories and better understand everyone else’s story. One of the primary goals of the National Museum of the American People is to bring all Americans together.

This blog is about the proposed National Museum of the American People which is about the making of the American People. The blog will be reporting regularly on a host of NMAP topics, American ethnic group histories, related museums, scholarship centered on the museum’s focus, relevant census and other demographic data, and pertinent political issues. The museum is a work in progress and we welcome thoughtful suggestions.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#37: You Don’t Have to Be a Smithsonian Museum To Make It in Washington, DC

NMAP Staff — Sat, 13 Apr 2019 14:17:45 +0000

One of the issues for the National Museum of the American People is whether it will be part of the Smithsonian Institution or independent of it. In this article we’ll look at some of Washington’s museums, both public and private, that are independent of the Smithsonian. In future blogs we’ll discuss Smithsonian museums and proposals for new museums in Washington.

National Gallery of Art

While there are many great art museums in Washington, we’ll only touch on one here because it is on the National Mall, the National Gallery of Art. While it seems part of the Smithsonian it is actually independent of it. It consists of two major buildings, the neo classical West Building opened in 1941, the East Wing that opened in 1978, and the NGA sculpture garden that opened in 1999. This complex stretches from 3^rd Street to 9^th Street along the Mall on Constitution Avenue. The NGA has 4.3 million visitors a year and is asking this year for an appropriation of $137 million to operate.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

The USHMM, located just off of the National Mall near the Washington Monument, has served about 1.7 million visitors a year since it opened. It receives an annual appropriation now of approximately $59 million a year. It is a public-private partnership like the Smithsonian and has recently undertaken a long-term $1 billion fund-raising effort. The museum opened in 1993 and was the first significant museum in Washington that tells its story in a chronological fashion. Early visitorship studies found that the average visitor spent about 3 hours walking through the museum’s story about the history of the Holocaust.

Spy Museum

The International Spy Museum opened in Washington in 2002 as a private museum and has had about 300,000 visitors a year since it opened. This Spring it is moving to a large new building a few blocks off of the National Mall on L’Enfant Plaza. It is just a block away from the NMAP’s favored site at the Banneker Overlook. The Spy Museum charges $23 for adults for visitors to walk through the history of the dramatic spying profession around the world.

Bible Museum

Another new museum in Washington opened in 2017, the Museum of the Bible. A private museum funded by the founders of the Hobby Lobby, it tells about the history of the bible. It charges $25 per adult and has had 500,000 visitors during its first six months.

National Geographic Museum

Operated by the National Geographic Society, its exhibits focus on natural history, culture and history along the lines of the society’s National Geographic Magazine. The society was established in 1888 and is a non-profit organization in Washington. Located in downtown DC, this museum charges $15 for adults to visit its exhibits.

Newseum

The Newseum, started by the Freedom Forum funded by the Gannett newspaper company, promotes the 1^st Amendment clause to the Constitution calling for freedom of the press. It moved to its DC location on Pennsylvania Avenue near the Capitol Building in 2008. While it says it has 815,000 visitors a year and charges $25 for adults to visit, it announced in January that it sold its building and will close the museum.

National Archives

The National Archives is most famous for displaying the nation’s founding documents, the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The Archives attract 1 million visitors a year to its building across the street from the National Mall on Pennsylvania Avenue. The federal agency was born in 1934. Before that, federal documents were housed by the State Department and the Library of Congress. It is funded by federal appropriations.

Library of Congress

An arm of Congress, the three buildings of the Library of Congress on Capitol Hill attract 1.6 million visitors, most of them to its Jefferson Building across the street from the Capitol and the Supreme Court. Holdings include one of the original Guttenberg Bibles. Its collections of books and documents is massive and it changes its displays periodically. Its reading room is one of the most interesting and famous rooms in the Nation’s capital. Its funding is from federal appropriations.

National Museum of the US Navy

Operated by the U.S. Navy at the Navy Yard in Washington, DC, the museum chronicles the U.S. Navy from its beginning during the Revolution through today. Located on a military base poses some hurdles for visitors, but it is free and counts about 200,000 visitors a year. The Navy Yard is located adjacent to the Washington Nationals baseball stadium and has a Metro stop near the main gate of the Yard. While smaller collections of Navy memorabilia opened in 1865 soon after the Navy Yard opened, the current museum opened in 1963.

German American Heritage Museum

Located in a townhouse in the Penn Quarter of downtown Washington, this museum focuses on the heritage of all Americans of German descent. The museum is free and is operated by the German American Heritage Foundation. It opened in 2010.

Madame Tussaud’s Wax Museum

This museum chain opened its Washington branch in 2007. It features wax likenesses of U.S. presidents, first ladies, cultural icons and famous people from music, sports, media and entertainment. Located downtown, it costs $22 per adult ($18 online) for tickets.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#36: NMAP Will Explore a Peopling of America Program to Mark Significant US Immigration Sites

NMAP Staff — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:05:10 +0000

A Peopling of America program would consist of scholars at the National Museum of the American People working with National Park Service officials to identify sites throughout the nation where events of significant migration and immigration history took place. The sites would be marked with special plaques designating them as “Peopling of America National Historic Landmarks.”

The most famous immigration site in America is Ellis Island, although the ancestors of most people in our nation came before Ellis Island opened in 1892, after it closed in 1954, came through other ports, or were already on land that the U.S. took over. On the West Coast, for example, Angel Island, not far from the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco Bay, is where many immigrants from Asia arrived in the United States.

As sites are designated, and markers placed, Peopling of America themed maps could be created for the public based on regional designations and specific ethnic designations. Members of ethnic groups could tour the nation to see first hand where people from their homelands landed in the U.S. Families could tour their regions to learn about the special places where different peoples first arrived to become Americans.

The Peopling of America idea was initiated by Hawaii Sen. Daniel Akaka 20 years ago but was never implemented. With heightened interest in genealogy and using DNA to trace ancestors, this would be another way to trace one’s personal roots.

The Peopling of America National Historic Landmarks would also be used to designate original settlements and paths that were followed by groups as they moved across the country. The Landmarks will describe the key events in the immigration and migration histories of these groups.

The Peopling of America program will provide a basis for the preservation and interpretation of the movements of groups that shaped the nation, including groups that arrived on the land before our nation existed. The process could also lead to more structures and places nominated to be added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Significant sites of First Peoples and the sites of both early and current tribal cultures would be marked. Trails leading westward such as the Mormon Trail, the Trail of Tears and the Santa Fe Trail could be designated for their role in the peopling of America. So too could the Underground Railroad which was followed by Southern slaves to free themselves in the North and the actual railroads that helped to move the population center of the U.S. westward.

Sites all along the Canadian and Mexican borders with the U.S could be marked as could ports and beaches throughout the U.S. and its territories.

By making Americans more aware that the places that mark our immigration and migration journeys are all around us, the National Museum of the American People will enhance our understanding of that central aspect of our nation’s uniqueness.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#35: Genes Tell About Our Ancestors’ Past Wanderings Across Our Planet

NMAP Staff — Thu, 04 Apr 2019 13:00:42 +0000

The National Museum of the American People could explore having Museum visitors participate in a DNA contribution program that could enable researchers to trace that visitor’s ancestors.

Some commercial DNA programs have become well known in recent years, such as Ancestry, 23 and Me and Familytree.com, as more people search for their personal roots.

Of those, Ancestry.com uses the world’s largest consumer DNA data base and it has a tie-in to the genealogical data base of more than 3 billion persons operated by Family Search, an organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

Perhaps the Museum’s program tie in with the National Geographic Society’s Genographic Project. The results of that project could be immensely helpful to the Museum in telling its story. As National Geographic reported, for decades, the primary clues to the human story came from scattered bones and artifacts. Now, scientists have found a record of ancient human migrations in the DNA of living people.

While helping to tell the first chapter of the Museum’s story starting some 20,000 years ago with the first humans arriving in the Western Hemisphere, the information from these DNA studies will also tell the migration stories of the ancestors of those contributing the DNA.

The National Geographic’s Genographic Project uses advanced genetic and computational technologies to analyze historical patterns in DNA from participants around the world. Launched in 2005, the project’s goals are to gather and analyze research data in collaboration with indigenous and traditional peoples, and to educate the general public through participation in the project where they learn their own deep ancestry.

The DNA test is done from a swab of saliva from the donor’s mouth. The DNA found in that swab is then tested for nearly 300,000 identifiers, also known as “markers,” selected to provide ancestry-relevant information. The test measures the genetic markers passed down through the generations from mother to child. For men they also look at the markers passed down from father to son.

Everyone’s DNA is tested against 250,000 ancestry-markers from around the world to discover the regional affiliation of a person’s ancestry. While modern humans started some 200,000 years ago in Africa, they have spread around the globe following thousands of diverse branches. But each branch can be traced back to their origins in Africa.

For the National Museum of the American People, those stories will begin as humans begin flowing into the Western Hemisphere and begin to form tribal groups and civilizations throughout North and South America. The groups in the hemisphere remain isolated from peoples in the rest of the world for about 20 millennia until there is contact with peoples from Europe, Asia and Africa starting a little more than 500 years ago.

DNA research will continue to fill in the many blanks of our diverse past and present and will help tell who we are, where we came from and when it happened.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#34: The NMAP’s National Genome/Genealogy Center Would Help Visitors Discover Their Ancestors

NMAP Staff — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 13:00:14 +0000

One of the proposed components of the National Museum of the American People would be a center where visitors could learn about their ancestors on two levels.

First, through genealogy they would be able to trace their immediate and direct ancestors through various records.

Second, visitors could contribute their DNA information to provide more general and distant information about a person’s past. We’ll be talking about this in more detail in our next blog post.

For genealogy research, the Museum would partner with organizations throughout the nation and the world with extensive data bases to help those researching their families fill in the blanks of their ancestors’ lives.

The Family Search Center and Family History Library in Salt Lake City, operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, is the best known of these entities. Containing the records of more than three billion deceased persons, this is the largest collection of its kind in the world. The Salt Lake City library attracts about 2,000 visitors a day. Holdings include census records, passenger and immigration lists at major U.S. ports, military records and state, county and town vital records. Some records go back to 1550.

Another significant source of data is the National Archives and Records Administration, which has military records going back to the Revolutionary War, Census data from 1790 through 1940, and a variety of documents, photos, recordings and other materials grouped by ethnicity. Researchers who visit there can discover ship manifests including the names of their ancestors who first arrived in the U.S. along with details about the ship, where it left from, and where and when it arrived.

State archives also include helpful information from state records, Native American records and pioneer information. The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation has a database of passenger records of those who arrived in New York City. The Library of Congress offers a wide variety of local history and genealogy reference services.

The best place to begin a genealogical chart is to put down what you know, and then to get information from parents, grandparents and great-grandparents or people still alive from their circle of friends and relatives. While most genealogy research is performed by individuals researching their own families, professionals can be hired to do a more detailed search and go farther back in time.

Some genealogists specialize in the heritage of particular ethnic groups, focus on a surname or are experts on a small community. Others focus on famous people and some seek to become part of a genealogical-based group whose ancestors, for example, played a role in the American Revolution, such as the Daughters of the American Revolution, or those who came here on the Mayflower.

The National Museum of the American People will incorporate a system that would allow visitors to print out their own genealogical information. All Americans take pride in their heritage whether it be from the early days of our nation or from their parents who emigrated here just in the last generation. The NMAP will assist them in their search for their American roots.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#33: Play Ball!! Baseball Helped Generations of Immigrants Become Americans

NMAP Staff — Thu, 28 Mar 2019 13:00:19 +0000

2018 All Star Game in Washington, DC

The celebrated French American scholar Jacques Barzun wrote “Whoever wants to know the heart and mind of America had better learn baseball.”

What is it about this peculiarly American game that has appealed to generations of immigrants and victims of prejudice as a path to becoming American? The game is different from any others. For instance, there is no clock or time limit to determine when the game ends. As Yogi Berra famously said, “It’s not over until it’s over.”

While some parts of the ball field are prescribed, the field of play is different in just about every stadium. Boston has a giant green wall in a short left field dubbed the “green monster.” Kansas City has a large waterfall just beyond the center field fence. The Chicago Cubs have ivy growing on its brick outfield walls in the field of play. A home run over the right field fence in San Francisco will land in the Bay where fans in kayaks will go after it. Baltimore has a warehouse running the length of its right field which is a target for power hitters. Just about every major league team reflects its city’s personality or history in its stadium.

Baseball is known for its one-on-one confrontations between pitchers and batters which consumes most of the game. But once the batter hits the ball and runners are on base, the whole team becomes engaged in an impromptu ballet of teamwork. Perhaps it’s that combination of individualism and teamwork that makes the game so appealing to the American People.

In the early years of the 20^th Century, when so many immigrants were crowded in bustling cities, the pristine green playing fields and the perfect dimensions of the baseball diamond were appealing counterpoints to their daily lives. And what other game has a 7^th Inning break where everyone gets up, stretches, and sings Take Me Out to the Ballgame? And in what other sport does a fan get to keep a ball if it is hit into the stands?

Baseball is also considered the thinking person’s sport. As Berra described it, “Baseball is 90% mental. The other half is physical.”

“Baseball, it is said, is only a game,” said commentator George Will. “True. And the Grand Canyon is only a hole in Arizona. Not all holes, or games, are created equal.”

An exhibition by the Museum of American Jewish History in Philadelphia called Chasing Dreams: Baseball and Becoming American shows how Jews and other minority groups used baseball as a way to come together. At first white immigrant groups took up the game including Irish, German, Polish and Italian Americans as well as Jewish Americans who mostly came from central and eastern Europe. Later, African Americans, Latinos and Asians used baseball as part of their integration into American culture as well.

That exhibit also showed how the integration of baseball with Jackie Robinson helped lead the U.S. away from Jim Crow and into the Civil Rights movement. It showed Japanese Americans playing baseball even in internment camps during World War II. And it included the sheet music for Take Me Out to the Ballgame composed by a Polish Jewish immigrant.

Last year, about a quarter of the players on Major League rosters were foreign-born. Most came from the Dominican Republic (84), Venezuela (74), Cuba (17) and Mexico (11). But 17 other nations were also represented by at least one player in the major leagues.

Whether it is an afterschool pick-up game at a nearby park, a game at a family picnic, playing or coaching youth baseball or attending a Big League game over a season that last nine months from the beginning of Spring Training in February to the end of the World Series in October, it’s a special American Day to celebrate Opening Day every spring.

Exhibitions like Chasing Dreams could be a model for the types of travelling exhibitions that are undertaken by the National Museum of the American People.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

# 32 – The Timeframe for Chronological Storytelling Exhibitions Can Range from a Day to Billions of Years

NMAP Staff — Mon, 25 Mar 2019 13:33:21 +0000

History museums that tell their story along a chronological path seem to capture their visitors’ engaged attention for longer periods of time than any other type of museum. Whether the subject is military history, astronomical history, natural history, Holocaust history, the history of a terrorist attack or the history of a people or a nation, audiences are mesmerized and become immersed in the story being told.

The time range for these histories vary wildly from a day to billions of years. The 9/11 Museum, for example, guides the visitor through one of the worst days in U.S. history from sunrise on a beautiful New York City morning through the devastating events of that day and it incorporates a memorial to its victims. At the other extreme, the Cosmic Pathway in the Rose Center at the American Museum of Natural History explores the history of the universe starting with the smallest particle imaginable and its incredible expansion over the first second of time through the current status of the universe today more than 13 billion years later.

Another exhibition at the AMNH in its Hall of Human Origins depicts the history of humans starting with our early ancestors some six million years ago to modern humans who made their appearance an estimated 150-200,000 years ago and spread throughout our planet. The National Museum of the American People picks up that story approximately 20,000 years ago when the first modern humans are believed to have come to the Western Hemisphere.

The NMAP will tell its story along four chronological paths telling about all of the ethnic, nationality and racial groups coming to this land and nation:

The first chapter is from the first peoples in the Western Hemisphere to the first permanent settlement in what became the United States at Jamestown, VA in 1607 and includes first contact between natives and Europeans.

The Museum’s second chapter from 1607 to 1820 depicts Western Europeans coming, slavery, establishment of the nation and its westward expansion via the Louisiana Purchase taking in new peoples.

The third chapter from 1820 to 1924 covers the nation’s major century of expansion to the Pacific including Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. The nation becomes the destination for millions of immigrants from throughout Europe and Asia and incorporates Hispanic lands in the Southwest.

The final chapter takes us from 1924 through today focusing on refugees and immigrants arriving in the U.S. from every part of the world.

Other American chronological history museums focus on other events or peoples that the National Museum of the American People will also explore. The Museum of the American Revolution in Philadelphia takes place along a 29-year path starting with the roots of the revolution from 1760 to 1776, the war until its end at Yorktown in 1781, and the struggle to create a lasting government based on principles of democracy, freedom and liberty that culminates with the U.S. Constitution in 1789.

The National Museum of African American History and Culture tells its story over a 500-year path starting with the beginning of slavery by Europeans in Africa in the 1500s through slavery, Jim Crow and the civil rights movement to achievements of African Americans through today.

While the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History doesn’t have a central chronological exhibition depicting American history, it recently announced plans to open a permanent Latino exhibition space in 2021 where it would tell the story of Hispanic and Latino history in the United States. The NMAP will also be telling these stories through all four of its chapters in the context of all Americans coming or being incorporated into the United States.

The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum was one of the first major American museums to devote a permanent exhibition telling a story along a path for visitors. Its story is along a 14-year history of the Holocaust from 1932 until its end in 1945 and includes the American connection to those events.

When the Holocaust Museum was built, studies showed that the average visit to museums, whether an art, history or science museum, lasted about an hour and a half. The USHMM found that the average visit through its permanent exhibition was three hours and many visitors spent five hours going through its story. The National Museum of African American History and Culture which is less than three years old has also found that many visitors need well over three hours to explore its permanent exhibition.

The National Museum of the American People also expects visitors to become immersed in its story about the making of the American People. For all Americans, it is their story.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#31: In the 21st Century Immigration Has Become a Major Issue in the US and the World

NMAP Staff — Thu, 21 Mar 2019 13:00:25 +0000

As the 21^st Century dawned, the U.S. was attacked by foreign terrorists in New York and Washington using hijacked aircraft as weapons. Wars in the Middle East in response to those attacks led to a refugee crisis that has engulfed much of Europe. In the U.S., a crisis has been building on our southern border for an even longer period. There has been a steady focus on immigration over the last two decades.

The National Museum of the American People will be monitoring and marking events such as these, and events we don’t now anticipate, in future years as each move has a role in defining the American People.

In the wake of the 9/11 attack the U.S. passed the Patriot Act that broadened terrorism-related criteria for deportation and broadened inadmissibility rules for noncitizens. In addition it established a foreign student monitoring program.

A year later the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act streamlined electronic border control systems for those entering and leaving the country. In 2002 the Department of Homeland Security was created and established three new agencies to monitor and protect our borders: the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 added more reasons to not admit and to deport noncitizens and increased penalties for alien smuggling. The Border Protection, Anti-terrorism and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005 criminalized violations of federal immigration law.

In 2006 the Senate passed a comprehensive immigration reform bill but the House refused to consider it. The issue of immigration reform has been simmering since then. But Congress did enact the Secure Fence Act that called for more than 700 miles of reinforced fence to be built along the Mexican border in places where there had been a high level of drug trafficking and illegal immigration. In 2006, 6,000 National Guard troops were sent to the Mexican border to assist Border Patrol agents.

After Congress failed to pass an immigration reform bill in 2012, President Obama announced the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy to allow those entering the U.S. before the age of 16 to apply for a work permit and two-year protection against deportation. In 2014 President Obama took executive action to delay the deportation of 5 million undocumented immigrants after meeting various conditions and he broadened the DACA program.

In 2017, as one of his first acts in office, President Trump moved to impose new restrictions on immigration from several Muslim-majority countries in conflict regions. Starting in 2018, and continuing today, the President’s effort to build a significant border wall along the Mexican border has emerged as a major national issue.

When the National Museum of the American People opens it will mark all of our nation’s significant actions to determine who the American People are … and who they will be.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#30: Irish Americans Are the 3rd Largest Ethnic Group in the US

NMAP Staff — Mon, 18 Mar 2019 13:00:22 +0000

Irish Americans comprise a little more than 10 percent of the U.S. population and are the third largest ethnic group in the nation, and on St. Patrick’s Day it sometimes seems that half the nation makes a point of wearing something green to become Irish for the day.

At the National Museum of the American People the history of Irish Americans immigrating here and what they accomplished is one of the major stories that will be told.

More than 95 percent of the earliest immigrants from Ireland were Scots-Irish, essentially Scottish peoples who migrated to Northern Ireland before coming to America between 1717 and 1775. Their story will also be told in the Museum.

The first Irish Catholics to come in the 18^th Century settled in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Later the Irish Famine of the 1840’s led to a much larger surge of Irish Catholics immigrating to the United States. They primarily settled in Northeast and Midwest port cities including Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Buffalo, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Detroit, Cleveland and St. Louis.

In the early part of the 19^th Century Irish immigrants were among the largest participants on large scale infrastructure projects including canals and railroads. They moved west as those projects extended the U.S. reach in that direction.

While there were about 50,000 Irish immigrants in the 1820s and 207,000 in the 1830s, about 1.7 million came during the 1840s and 1850s. Another 1.9 million arrived over the rest of the 19^th Century. Fewer than 1 million came during the 20^th Century.

During the Civil War some 38 Union regiments had the word “Irish” in their title.

By 1910 there were more people of Irish ancestry in New York City than in Dublin. In the 2010 Census there were 35.5 million Irish in America ranking behind only German Americans and African Americans as the largest ethnic groups in the nation.

The National Museum of the American People will embrace the immigration and migration stories of all Americans, including the Irish and Scots-Irish who have come to our shores.

We wish a Happy St. Patrick’s Day to all of those who celebrate it.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#29: After 1924 US Doors Closed, Then Opened; Today Immigration Laws Are on America’s Front Burner

NMAP Staff — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 13:00:38 +0000

In our last few posts we’ve talked about immigration laws before the modern era. This blog discusses immigration laws over most of the 20^th Century that have shaped the country we are now. During this period, coinciding with the 4^th chapter of the National Museum of the American People’s story, the doors to the United States were all but closed to overseas immigrants in 1924, though the Indian Citizenship Act of that year granted U.S. citizenship to American Indians.

In 1929 as the Great Depression set in, Congress tightened overseas immigration even more by cutting the number of immigrants allowed annually to 150,000. It also linked a 2% nationality quota to the 1920 Census, limiting immigrants from eastern and southern Europe even more than at the end of the Museum’s 3^rd Chapter.

Even without these harsher immigration laws, the Great Depression in the 1930s was slowing immigration to a trickle. During the deepest years of the Depression there were more people leaving the United States than entering it.

The political leanings of immigrants became an issue in the 1940s and 1950s. In 1940 the Alien Registration Act required all immigrants above age 13 to register with the government and be be fingerprinted, while it banned “subversives” from immigrating at all. The 1950 Internal Security Act allowed the U.S. to deport immigrants who were ever members of the Communist Party.

During World War II, the U.S. faced a shortage of farm workers and the so called Bracero Program was instituted in 1942 allowing Mexican manual laborers into the U.S. to work on farms. Over the following 22 years, about 5 million Mexican workers participated in the program.

Also during World War II the Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed though the annual quota was only 105 and in 1946 the repeal was extended to cover Filipinos and Indians.

In the immediate aftermath of the war, the War Brides Act was enacted in 1945 to allow alien spouses, natural children and adopted children of members of the Armed Forces to become citzens. More than 100,000 entered the U.S. via this route.

The war also led to a massive worldwide increase of refugees and the U.S. passed the Displaced Persons Act in 1948 allowing up to 200,000 refugees into the country. In 1952 the Immigration and Nationality Act consolidated earlier laws and eliminated race as a basis for exclusion. However the quota system remained in place and immigration remained at low levels.

The Immigration Act of 1965 changed all that. While annual immigration from overseas was limited to 170,000 with a maximum of 20,000 from any one country, and immigration from the Western Hemisphere was limited to 120,000, a preference system was established for family members of U.S. citizens and immigrants with special skills. Those two features had no numerical restrictions and led to a major increase in immigrants over subsequent decades.

Special laws were enacted to facilitate refugees from Cuba (1966) and then Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos (1975-76). In 1980 the Refugee Act was adopted to facilitate a variety of refugee issues around the world. Those fleeing their country on account of race, religion, nationality or politics were made a different category of immigrants and increased the number of people who could be admitted to the United States under this category.

A 1986 Immigration Reform Act gave those who entered the U.S. before 1982 a path to citizenship provided that they met a list of criteria. It also legalized certain seasonal agricultural undocumented immigrants, and made it illegal to knowingly hire or recruit undocumented immigrants.

Four years later, the Immigration Act of 1990 set an annual ceiling of 700,000 immigrants for three years and 675,000 after that. As the number of undocumented immigrants swelled during the 1990s, the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 allowed deportation of immigrants for a wider range of crimes and applied the law retroactively. The number of Border Patrol agents was also increased.

Over the last two decades immigration has remained a major national political issue. The National Museum of the American People will be continuously updated to bring the story of the making of the American People up to date. In a future blog we will discuss immigration issues that have emerged in the 21^st Century.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#28: US Laws and Constitutional Amendments Between 1820 and 1924 Govern Who Is an American

NMAP Staff — Mon, 11 Mar 2019 13:00:09 +0000

The National Museum of the American People’s third chapter covering the period from 1820 to 1924 saw a slow but steady stream of immigrants to the U.S. up to the Civil War, predominantly from Western Europe, especially from Germany and Ireland.

In the wake of the Civil War, the Constitution was amended to abolish slavery, make all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. citizens, and prevents the U.S. from denying the vote due to race, color or previous condition of servitude.

As the Industrial Revolution gathered steam during the second half of the 19^th Century and early 20^th Century, immigration soared. Newcomers were now arriving in large numbers from southern, central and eastern Europe as well as eastern Asia.

The first immigration law enacted during this period was the Naturalization Act of 1870 that allowed aliens of African nativity and persons of African descent to become U.S. citizens.

In 1875, the Page Act became the first immigration law to exclude a group from entering the country. In this case it was Chinese contract laborers and it was the first of many laws discriminating against Asians. Seven years later the Chinese Exclusion Act banned skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in the mining industry from entering the country for 10 years and denied Chinese immigrants a path to citizenship.

Then in 1888 the Exclusion Act was amended to ban Chinese workers from re-entering the U.S. after they left. For years after that Chinese laborers were required to carry a resident permit at all times or face deportation or a sentence to hard labor. The citizen ban was also extended for another 10 years.

In 1907 the so called “Gentleman’s Agreement” between the U.S. and Japan ended the immigration of Japanese workers. The Immigration Act of 1917 instituted still more restrictions of people from Asia and the Pacific Islands.

While these anti-Asian laws were being promulgated over a period of more than 40 years, the U.S. passed laws during that same period excluding people engaged in a host of activities including criminals, prostitutes, anarchists, convicts, polygamists, beggars, and those who committed crimes of “moral turpitude.”

Also excluded were persons with a range of perceived characteristics or conditions. Various U.S. laws specifically mentioned: lunatics, idiots, persons likely to become public charges, the mentally ill, those with contagious diseases, epileptics, imbeciles, feeble-minded people, those with physical or mental disabilities, tuberculosis victims, children without parents, homosexuals, insane persons and alcoholics.

In 1907 a law was passed that said that women must adopt the citizenship of their husbands thus losing their U.S. citizenship unless their husbands became citizens. That law was repealed in 1922.

The Immigration Act of 1891 created the nation’s first agency dedicated to immigrants, the Bureau of Immigration in the Treasury Department. It also called for the deportation of people who entered the country illegally.

Ellis Island opened in 1892 and became the nation’s primary immigration station until it closed in 1954. It is estimated that 40% of Americans have a relative who passed through Ellis Island.

The Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization was created in 1906 and placed in the Commerce Department and in 1924 the U.S. Border Patrol was created.

This chapter of the story told by the National Museum of the American People ends with major laws passed in 1921 and 1924 closing the doors to immigration. While more than a million immigrants arrived in the U.S. during the peak years of this chapter, the Emergency Quota Law of 1921 limited the number of immigrants to the U.S. to 350,000 a year and implemented a nationality quota of 3% of the population of particular nationalities based on the 1910 census. This greatly reduced immigration from eastern and southern Europe.

The National Origins Act of 1924 reduced the number of immigrants allowed to enter the U.S. each year to 165,000 and set the nationality quota at 2% based on the 1890 census. While this quota system did not apply to immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, new immigrants practically disappeared until World War II. We will pick up those laws in the next blog.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#27: Immigration Laws Between 1607 and 1820

NMAP Staff — Thu, 07 Mar 2019 14:00:51 +0000

As visitors walk through the story of the making of the American People, they will encounter unique markers along their chronological path that will touch upon laws made in national capitals — London, Philadelphia, New York, Washington, DC — or in individual colonial and then state capitals that affected who could be a citizen and how they would be eligible to become one.

While there are no such markers in the Museum’s first chapter up to 1607, laws passed in the British Parliament affected their colonial outposts starting in the 1600s. English persons and their children in the colonies were considered subjects of the king. It generally took an individual act of Parliament for a non-English person to be a subject and even that exception was strictly limited to Protestants.

In the meantime colonialists were pushing for more open paths to bring people to the colonies and to promote settlement in them. The Plantation Act of 1740 made it easier for aliens to apply for naturalization within their colonies, but that was still limited to Protestants with some exceptions for Quakers and Jews. New York, Georgia and Rhode Island made it a matter of policy to grant rights to Jewish applicants and those are the colonies where Jews settled in the largest numbers.

Several colonies issued their own naturalization policies until Parliament cracked down on that practice in 1773. Pennsylvania led the way in opening its doors to aliens.

In our Declaration of Independence in 1776 one of the specific complaints listed against King George was that “He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.”

After the Revolutionary War, the Articles of Confederation in 1781 allowed each colony to pass its own naturalization laws with the understanding that all of the colonies would accept persons so naturalized. Those laws generally required an affirmation of allegiance to an authority and a period of physical residence prior to obtaining the right of citizenship.

The Confederation was superseded by the Constitution in 1789 which provided a stronger central government for the United States. Article 1, section 8, gave Congress the authority “To establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” to cover the new nation.

The first naturalization law was passed in 1790. It limited naturalization to immigrants who were residents for two years and free white persons of good character thus excluding Native Americans, indentured servants, slaves, free blacks and later Asians. It also provided for citizenship for the children of U.S. citizens born abroad.

Five years later the law was changed to extend the residency period to five years for white persons of good moral character and to pledge allegiance to the Constitution of the United States. In 1798 the residency requirement was extended to 14 years, but that was repealed four years later.

The next major changes to the definition of new citizenship came in the wake of the Civil War. We will explore that period in the next blog which covers immigration laws during the National Museum of the American People’s third chapter from 1820 to 1924.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#26: 19 US Organizations Focused on Refugees, Immigrants and Immigration Reform Support NMAP

NMAP Staff — Mon, 04 Mar 2019 14:00:09 +0000

President George Washington and most of the founders of the United States envisioned the new nation as a haven for those escaping religious persecution and other forms of oppression in their homelands. In that vision they laid the seeds for America becoming the leading nation of the world economically, militarily, scientifically and culturally.

Today as the US and the world struggles with immigration and immigration issues, it is important to remember the history and impact of our nation opening – and closing — its doors to refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants from the nation’s founding through today. Future blogs will deal with immigration laws that affected the story about the making of the American people.

In recalling that history, the National Museum of the American People is proud to have the support of a broad range of organizations that focus on refugees, immigrants and immigration reform. They include:

In telling the story about the making of the American People the National Museum of the American People will be a home for all of these organizations and a beacon for the nation.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#25: NMAP Will Be Home to the Center For the Advanced Study of the American People

NMAP Staff — Thu, 28 Feb 2019 14:00:39 +0000

When the National Museum of the American People is built, one of its central components will be a Center for the Advanced Study of the American People. It is envisioned as a major scholarly institution associated with the Museum.

The Center would consist of a core group of eminent scholars that focus on a broad range of facets relating to the history of the making of the American People from first humans in the Western Hemisphere through today.

In addition to in-house scholars we anticipate that major scholars, university programs and research institutions across the nation and the world will also be affiliated with the Center’s efforts to research all aspects of the history of the American People. It would also sponsor a scholars-in-residence program.

In addition to conducting and supporting research, the Center could publish a scholarly journal and relevant articles. It will sponsor seminars, conferences, workshops, courses and lectures to advance knowledge in this field.

A grant program operated by the Center would support scholarly research programs across the nation. In addition, the Center will serve as a liaison with researchers in other nations exploring some element of the story about the making of the American People.

Other scholarly pursuits would include the collection and review of archival materials worldwide. A logical project for the Museum would be the publication of an online Encyclopedia of the American People that would include exhaustive information available to anyone wishing to access it. This publication could take the form of an update of the Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups that was published in 1980.

The Center will also coordinate with and support other elements of the Museum, including the curators of the permanent, special and traveling exhibitions, the genealogical center, the archive and library, the education resource center, the film center and the public programs department.

We will be discussing other components of the National Museum of the American People in future blogs.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#24: More Than 140 Scholars Support NMAP

NMAP Staff — Mon, 25 Feb 2019 14:00:25 +0000

The National Museum of the American People and the story it will tell about all of the peoples coming to this land will be scholarly-driven and ensure that the highest standards of scholarship are met.

Historians, anthropologists, sociologists, archeologists, ethnologists, human geographers, demographers, geneticists, linguists and others will help develop the story.

We anticipate that a feasibility study that the Museum backers are seeking will provide an outline of the story that the Museum will tell. Then the Museum itself will develop a detailed book about the making of the American People that will guide the development of the Museum’s permanent exhibition.

The story would follow a consensus of the scholars’ views and significant evidence-based historic and scientific alternative views could also be included. As scientific and historic consensus changes, appropriate changes could be made in the Museum. With force and clarity, the Museum will examine the story of the making of the American People.

About 30 of the scholars backing the Museum focus on general issues of immigration, migration and refugee history while others focus on particular groups of people. These scholars focus on European Americans (23), African Americans (17), Asian Pacific Americans (18), Hispanics/Latinos (22), Native Americans (8) and about two dozen others who concentrate on other aspects or peoples in the Museum’s story.

A complete list of scholars supporting the National Museum of the American People is here.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#23: 2010 Census Provides In-Depth Snapshot of US Diversity

NMAP Staff — Thu, 21 Feb 2019 14:00:03 +0000

While a map of the US showing the largest ethnic group of each county in the nation provides a broad brush view of our nation’s diversity, using actual census numbers provides a deeper window into our nation’s diversity.

Based on the 2010 Census, four groups, German American, African American, Irish American and Mexican American constitute about half of the nation’s population.

Adding English American, Italian American, Polish American, French American and those who simply say American, you get to about 75 percent of Americans. Some respondents selected more than one ancestry group or race.

Here are 33 of the largest ethnic groups based on the 2010 Census. Alaskan Native and Native Hawaiian are combined here with American Indians. The total population of the US in 2010 was 308.7 million. The National Museum of the American People expects to use the 2020 Census in bringing the story of the making of the American People up to the present.This blog is about the proposed National Museum of the American People which is about the making of the American People. The blog will be reporting regularly on a host of NMAP topics, American ethnic group histories, related museums, scholarship centered on the museum’s focus, relevant census and other demographic data, and pertinent political issues. The museum is a work in progress and we welcome thoughtful suggestions.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#22: Happy Presidents’ Day Weekend!

NMAP Staff — Mon, 18 Feb 2019 14:00:01 +0000

George Washington — Can trace his family’s presence in North America from his great-grandfather John Washington who migrated from England to Virginia in 1694.
John Adams — Born in Massachusetts in 1792, John Adams was a 4th-generation descendant of Henry Adams who immigrated from England to Massachusetts Bay Colony about 1636.
Thomas Jefferson — His ancestor came from Wales to Virginia.
James Madison — His paternal family line is of English descent.
James Monroe — His paternal great-grandfather immigrated to America from Scotland in the mid-17th century.
John Quincy Adams — Like his father John, he is a descendant of Henry Adams.
Andrew Jackson — His genealogy shows that he descended from Richard Jackson (1505-1562) from England.
Martin Van Buren — His ancestry was Dutch.
William Henry Harrison — The Harrison family line comes from England.
John Tyler — The Tyler family came to American from England.
James K. Polk — Robert Pollock in 1659 emigrated from Ireland to Maryland accompanied by his wife and children. “Polk” was derived from Pollock.
Zachary Taylor — He was a descendant of King Edward I of England, as well as Mayflower passengers Isaac Allerton and William Brewster.
Millard Fillmore — His maternal side migrated to the United States from England in the early 17th century.
Franklin Pierce — Thomas Pierce, an ancestor of the family, migrated from England to the US in the 17th century.
James Buchanan — The Buchanans were Scotch-Irish; in 1783, James, Sr., emigrated from Ireland.
Abraham Lincoln — The Lincoln family came to the United States in the 17th century from England.
Andrew Johnson — His paternal side of the family descended from England.
Ulysses S. Grant — Grant has English, Scottish and Irish lineage.
Rutherford B. Hayes — Hayes is of English and Scottish descent.
James A. Garfield — Garfield was born of English ancestry.
Chester A. Arthur — His father was Scotch-Irish and his mother was of English and Welsh descent.
Grover Cleveland — He is a descendant of ancestors from England.
Benjamin Harrison — The Harrisons originate from England.
Grover Cleveland (See 22)
William McKinley — The McKinleys were of English and Scots-Irish descent.
Theodore Roosevelt — The Roosevelts were all descendants of Claes van Roosevelt, who was a part of the original Dutch immigrants who settled in New Amsterdam in the 1640’s.
William Howard Taft — The first known ancestor of Taft came from Ireland and he also has some English lineage.
Woodrow Wilson — Woodrow Wilson was the son of an immigrant mother from England, and the grandson of immigrant grandparents from Ireland and Scotland.
Warren G. Harding — In the 17th century Warren G. Harding’s paternal side descended from England.
Calvin Coolidge — The Coolidge family migrated to the United States in the 17th century from England.
Herbert Hoover — Hoover (the family’s original name was Huber) was of German-Swiss and English ancestry on his father’s side and of Irish-Canadian ancestry on his mother’s side.
Franklin D. Roosevelt — Franklin D. Roosevelt’s family history dates back to Claes van Roosevelt, the Dutch immigrant who brought the Roosevelts to New York City in the early 1600s.
Harry S. Truman — His ancestry was predominantly English, with a few German, French and Scottish lines.
Dwight D. Eisenhower — The Eisenhower family migrated to the United States from Germany.
John F. Kennedy — The Fitzgerald family was from western Ireland. Between 1846 and 1855, they migrated to America to escape the devastating potato famine. JFK was the first Irish-Catholic President.
Lyndon B. Johnson — Johnson was of English, German and Ulster Scots ancestry.
Richard Nixon — The Nixon family immigrated to the United States from northern England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Gerald Ford — Ford is a descendant of Philip King, who emigrated from England to Philadelphia around 1730.
Jimmy Carter — Thomas Carter, Sr. in 1637, came from England to Virginia.
Ronald Reagan — He was 50 percent Irish, 25 percent Scottish and 25 percent English.
George H. W. Bush — The Bush family is primarily of English and German descent. The Bush family traces its European origin to the 17th century.
Bill Clinton — Clinton has Irish ancestry from both parents and traces of PresidentEnglish, German and Ulster Scots ancestry.
George W. Bush — (The same as 41).
Barack Obama — Obama’s father was from Kenya and a member of Kenya’s Luo ethnic group. Obama’s mother is of Irish and English decent.
Donald Trump — On October 7, 1885, Friedrich Trump, a 16-year-old German, bought a one-way ticket to America.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#21: The NMAP Will Project the History of Our Nation’s Diversity from First Humans Through Today

NMAP Staff — Thu, 14 Feb 2019 14:00:12 +0000

“Our diversity,” according to Michelle Obama, “has been – and will always be – our greatest source of strength and pride here in the United States.”

What is now the United States has been diverse for more than 10 millennia. From the many tribal groups prior to first significant European contact to the migrations of different peoples here from all parts of Europe, Asia, Africa (predominantly as slaves at the beginning) our land and nation has always been a cauldron of diversity.

When the United States was instituted in 1789, its diversity was recognized by our founders. They opened the nation’s doors to the people of the world fleeing oppression. The map above demonstrates the modern face of that diversity. It shows the leading ethnic group of every county in the United States based on the 2000 Census.

The light blue color spreading from Pennsylvania across the Midwest to the Pacific shows German American dominance. It is the largest ethnic group in the nation. The pink color stretching across the nation’s southern border with segments running up though California and other Western states is, not surprisingly, Mexican American. In the Southeast and scattered large metropolitan counties, the dark purple color represents African Americans.

The light yellow color that runs through Appalachia and into the South are people who define themselves as “American.” This group is the only major group that doesn’t recognize an ancestry related to another area of the World or another epoch. Their ancestors are believed to have come primarily from England, Scotland, Ireland and Germany, generally during the 1600s and 1700s and totally intermingled so that when they are asked on a Census form 200 years later about their ancestry this is their correct answer. For them, America was a melting pot. This group, comprising about 10 percent of Americans, is the only group that doesn’t have a descriptive before or after their American identity

Looking at the map, you see that the other 94 percent of Americans, however, do recognize their ancestry. Up in New England you see English heritage as you might expect. But if you take your finger from there across the Mormon Trail you’ll see that Mormon Country in and around Utah is predominantly English heritage as well.

The golden color scattered about in Western states are counties where native Americans predominate on reservations. There are people with French heritage mostly in upper Maine and around New Orleans. And Irish and Italian Americans dominate in Boston and New York City and down though Long Island and New Jersey. Scandinavian and Dutch enclaves are scattered along the northern tier of the nation.

Cubans Americans are the leading group in South Florida and Japanese Americans hold sway in Hawaii. While Puerto Rico has its own color, that same color is growing in Central Florida.

This map, by just showing the leading ethnic group of every county in the nation, still only skims over the layers of diversity throughout the nation. In many cases the leading ethnic group of a county may be a small plurality of the county as a whole. Our large cities and metropolitan areas are stewpots of diversity where people whose ancestors came from everywhere on Earth mix and matchup in combinations to make new Americans combining gene pools from around the World.

While this map is a snapshot in time, the story of the making of the American People in all of our diversity has been dynamic over time. That’s the story that the National Museum of the American People will tell.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#20: Nation’s Founders Welcomed Immigrants to USA

NMAP Staff — Mon, 11 Feb 2019 14:00:45 +0000

Our nation’s founders had a profound vision for our new country. It would open its doors to nearly all comers escaping persecution in its many forms across the World.

While slavery was certainly a blind spot for them and natives were persecuted, the founders firmly established the principle that the United States would offer asylum to those persecuted from throughout the World.

Here are some quotations from our Founding Fathers:

George Washington

“I had always hoped that this land might become a safe and agreeable asylum to the virtuous and persecuted part of mankind, to whatever nation they might belong.”

Thomas Paine

“The United States should be an asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty.”

John Jay

“The portals of the temple we have raised to freedom shall be thrown wide, as an asylum to mankind. America shall receive to her bosom and comfort and cheer the oppressed, the miserable and the poor of every nation and of every clime.”

Thomas Jefferson

“Shall we refuse to the unhappy fugitives from distress that hospitality which the [natives] of the wilderness extended to our fathers arriving in this land? Shall oppressed humanity find no asylum on this globe? …. might not the general character and capabilities of a citizen be safely communicated to everyone manifesting a bona fide purpose of embarking his life and fortunes permanently with us.”

Patrick Henry

“Make it [the United States] the home of the skillful, the industrious, the fortunate, the happy, as well as the asylum of the distressed …. Let but this, our celebrated goddess, Liberty, stretch forth her fair hand toward the people of the old world–tell them to come, and bid them welcome.”

George Washington

“The bosom of America is open to receive not only the Opulent and respectable Stranger, but the oppressed and persecuted of all Nations and Religions; whom we shall welcome to a participation of all our rights and privileges, if by decency and propriety of conduct they appear to merit the enjoyment.”

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#19: The National Museum of the American People Can Play an Instrumental Role in Our Foreign Relations

NMAP Staff — Thu, 07 Feb 2019 14:00:48 +0000

The National Museum of the American People can be expected to have an impact on our nation’s relationship with countries around the globe.

At the opening ceremony for the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1993, leaders of a dozen nations plus the President of the United States were in attendance. Since then, leaders of 100 countries and 3,500 foreign officials representing 132 countries have visited that museum.

That museum also established strong ties to Poland, Russian and other eastern and central European nations to obtain artifacts and access to archives. It similarly established a collegial relationship with Israel’s national Holocaust Museum, Yad Vashem.

The USHMM is just one example of how a center for education and learning in our nation’s capital helps to improve our relationships abroad. The National Museum of the American People will be another important example.

THE NMAP will tell the stories of peoples coming here from every corner of Earth, most of whom had a continental sense of their forbearers and a nationality before becoming Americans.

The ties to those nationalities will be examined and mined by the NMAP to help tell the Museum’s many stories, to obtain artifacts relating to that connection, and to foster relationships between the Museum and nations throughout the world that provided the migrants who became Americans.

The Museum will help answer the question: What exactly is an American? President Reagan said: “America represents something universal in the human spirit. I received a letter not long ago from a man who said, ‘You can go to Japan to live, but you cannot become Japanese. You can go to France to live and not become a Frenchman. You can go to live in Germany or Turkey, and you won’t become a German or a Turk.’ But then he added, ‘Anybody from any corner of the world can come to America to live and become an American.’”

The unique nature of Americans representing every race, creed and nationality around the world will be highlighted by the Museum and will help bind Americans together as it faces global challenges.

By making visitors more aware of their own heritage, the Museum can spur Americans to travel to their ancestral homelands. Foreign visitors will certainly visit to learn how emigrants from their lands and nations came and became Americans and contributed to this nation’s role as a world leader.

At the opening of the National Museum of the American People a virtual United Nations of heads of state could be in attendance to help celebrate that special relationship this nation has with every other nation. As the Museum contributes to the democratization of our society it can also serve as a beacon to nations across the world that have increasingly diverse societies.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#18: NMAP Feasibility Study Will Explore Every Element of What Museum Would Be

NMAP Staff — Mon, 04 Feb 2019 14:00:46 +0000

In 2019, the Coalition for the National Museum of the American People is proposing an exhaustive feasibility study of the Museum. The study exploring creation of the Museum would be conducted by a consortium of major U.S. university museum studies programs in conjunction with funders supporting the museum.

The final report of the feasibility study would be presented to the President and to Congress. Funding for the report would come solely from supporters of the Museum using no taxpayer funds. The details of the study operation would be worked out by the funders, the consortium and the Museum coalition. It should take no more than a year to complete its work and present its findings.

The consortium could use the final report for the National Museum of African American History and Culture as a guide.

The NMAP feasibility study will explore and report on:

The story the Museum will tell, develop an outline of that story and suggest the manner in which the story will be told
Sites in Washington for the Museum with a primary focus on the Banneker Overlook site
Requirements for the Museum building
The scope and mission of the Museum
Potential US audiences including school groups
Visitors from around the world
Costs, budget and staffing
A fund-raising plan to plan, build and operate the Museum
How the Museum will support state, local and ethnic museums in the U.S. with a similar mission
The Museum’s governance, whether part of or separate from the Smithsonian Institution
Ways for the Museum to communicate regularly with ethnic, nationality and minority organizations including more than 240 of these already supporting the Museum
Components of the Museum
Issues the Museum could encounter
A plan to create the Museum
A plan to gain public attention for the Museum
A plan to pass legislation in support of the Museum
Draft legislation to create an entity that would be responsible for building and funding the Museum

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#17: The NMAP’s New Path to Completion

NMAP Staff — Thu, 31 Jan 2019 14:00:08 +0000

“Bringing All Americans Together.” With that new tag line and facing a revised national political and cultural climate, the Coalition for the National Museum of the American People is embarking on a new two-track, two-year plan to establish the Museum.

By early 2021 our goal will will be to complete a major feasibility study of the Museum and to pass legislation designating it as a “National” Museum and creating a governing body to guide the project forward.

The Museum’s governing body would plan and build the Museum as well as raise all of the money required to plan, build and operate it without seeking appropriated funds. The legislation creating the Museum would also transfer a prominent plot of land in Washington, DC to the Museum for the NMAP site.

To get to that point over the next two years we are exploring a feasibility study starting later in 2019 engaging some of our nation’s leading university museum programs, historians and a wide range of financial, building, fund raising, education and other experts to design this major new national institution and its many components programs. The model for the feasibility study would be the one that led to the National Museum of African American History and Culture. We estimate that it will take a year to complete the study.

Paralleling the feasibility track will be a legislative initiative with a resolution in the House and Senate that simply supports the study and anticipates future legislation to create the Museum.

Because of the significant economic benefits the Museum would have for the Washington area as it attracts visitors from throughout the nation and the world, we will approach the Congressional delegation from the DC Metro area, as well as members of key Congressional committees and the leaders and members of Congressional caucuses that are centered on ethnic, nationality and minority groups for their support.

Upon completion of the feasibility study, in 2020 it would be sent to the President and Congress and released to the public. We would then arrange to introduce legislation to establish the museum. We would seek to have the Presidential candidates from the two major parties endorse the Museum and work towards its creation in 2021.

In the meantime, there will be a variety of efforts to bring the National Museum of the American People to broader public attention, including this blog and the announcement of major milestones along the way.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#16: World Class Architecture Design Expected For National Museum of the American People

NMAP Staff — Mon, 28 Jan 2019 14:00:58 +0000

Architectural Rendering of National Museum of the American People

The design above at the Banneker Overlook site in Southwest Washington features four soaring structures arising from the grass covered roof of the central building. It evokes several aspects of the proposed National Museum of the American People’s story: waving flags of nations; books opening to reveal the four chapters of the story of the making of the American People; and sails over a landscape of waves recalling the vessels that brought so many to this land.

The maritime aesthetic also relates to the nearby marina where an extension of the museum could berth boats like those used by natives that plied nearby waterways and ships used to bring early European settlers, slaves and others to these shores.

During the day, the textures of the concrete “flags” will constantly change with the movement of the sun’s shadows across the facade. At night, films could be projected onto these surfaces. The design, conceived by MTFA Architecture, calls for a state of the art green building that would serve as a model for the Southwest Washington, DC Ecodistrict.

The building housing the National Museum of the American People would need to accommodate its core permanent exhibition. It would also need to have space for components including special exhibitions, a film theater, auditorium, bookstore and gift shop, dining facility, classrooms, genealogical center, and library and archives. In addition, there would be a need for offices for Museum administrators, scholars, curatorial staff, educators, security, maintenance and other staff.

The NMAP feasibility study, which we’ll discuss in our next blog, would develop preliminary space requirements for the Museum based on space required by other major museums with similar programs.

MTFA Architecture, an award-winning firm located in Arlington, Virginia, created this design for the National Museum of the American People on a pro bono basis. The firm specializes in projects that shape our culture, build on commerce and positively shape people’s lives. They have a long history of projects that build consensus for planning and design involving mixed use, commercial, cultural and educational functions and incorporate environmentally sound features. MTFA designed the recently built St. Augustine’s Episcopal Church just down the street from the Banneker site.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#15: Banneker Overlook Is Favored Site For National Museum of the American People

NMAP Staff — Thu, 24 Jan 2019 14:00:48 +0000

The gathering of peoples from throughout the world is the essential and ongoing American story. Yet there is little in our nation’s capital that tells the full story about all of the peoples that came to make this nation. This has left a monumental void in the midst of our capital that needs to be filled.

The favored site for the National Museum of the American People is the Banneker Overlook site. It is an eight-acre slope at the end of L’Enfant Promenade, an extension of 10th Street, S.W. The site is on a direct axis with the iconic Smithsonian’s Castle Building and reaches down to Maine Avenue and the Washington, D.C. waterfront along Washington Channel, an inlet of the Potomac River. It is adjacent to I-395.

The site is a short walk from the L’Enfant Metro stop. It is the only Metro stop that serves 5 of the system’s 6 lines. Washington’s Spy Museum is relocating to L’Enfant Promenade. There would be auto and bus access and parking nearby.

The large site affords an opportunity for the design of an architecturally significant building along with an inviting landscape. It is already one of the major sites in Washington designated as a location for a future national museum by three federal agencies that oversee the capital and the look it presents to the world — the National Park Service, National Capital Planning Commission and U.S. Commission on Fine Arts. The Overlook site is now under NPS jurisdiction.

The site also sits at the nexus of a major municipal effort to invigorate the DC waterfront area adjacent to the city’s bustling fish market. Across Maine Avenue from the museum site is the Southwest Waterfront project which opened in 2017 and includes condos, shops, restaurants, a river walk and other amenities to draw visitors from the Mall to the waterfront.

While the Banneker site is already joined to Washington’s core tourist area by a roadway and pedestrian walkway across I-395, there could be an effort to build a lid over the freeway to offer a stronger connection to these two sides of Washington. Such a lid could incorporate a park and sculpture garden to reflect the themes of the Museum. The proximity to the waterfront would also be used to extend the Museum’s exhibition reach to a pier where boats — actual and replicas — used for the migration and immigration to the U.S. are moored for visitors to explore.

While the Arena Stage theater anchors Maine Avenue at one end, this museum could anchor the redesigned waterfront at the other end. The Museum’s international food court and plaza, with a mix of restaurants and a gift shop along Maine Avenue, could remain open after museum hours and help to stimulate nighttime street life.

The site could include provisions for landscaping that could include major water features and flora to enhance the beauty of the Museum building and its property. It could also include works of commissioned art relating to the subject matter of the Museum.

Legislation would be required to transfer the Banneker Overlook site to the National Museum of the American People. The Museum at this site would present the opportunity to create a unique and lasting addition to our capital that tells our American story in an unforgettable manner.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#14: Celebrating the African American Museum On Martin Luther King, Jr. Day

NMAP Staff — Mon, 21 Jan 2019 14:00:49 +0000

Martin Luther King Jr. Coming into Montgomery (Collection of the SI NMAAHC)

The National Museum of African American History and Culture is one of the greatest story-telling museums in the world; the proposed National Museum of the American People will do well to emulate it.

The NMAAHC depicts the 500 year struggle of African Americans beginning with their enslavement first in Europe and then soon after in the Western Hemisphere. A century later when the first permanent European colony in what is now the Untied States was established by the English at Jamestown in 1607, the first slaves followed 12 years in 1619.

The African American Museum carries that history of enslavement forward through the Civil War, a brief post-war period of reconstruction followed by the imposition of segregation for another century until the Civil Rights Movement go underway in the 1950s and continues through the early years of the 21^st Century.

Martin Luther King, Jr., who we celebrate today, is a central figure in this segment of the story.

The NMAAHC begins its story after carrying visitors three stories below ground level and proceeds with its narrative as visitors wind upward through the difficult history of African Americans emerging into a space of contemplation before arriving again at ground level. From there, visitors are ready to explore the broad and deep accomplishments of African Americans on the Museum’s upper floors.

The story of African Americans, told so poignantly in the NMAAHC, will also be told in the National Museum of the American People in the context of the story of the making of all Americans. That segment of the story will be the same in both museums.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#13: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish Organizations Back NMAP

NMAP Staff — Thu, 17 Jan 2019 14:00:46 +0000

The National Museum of the American People has support from a variety of national religious-related organizations. They include:

While many of these organizations focus on assisting refugees and asylum seekers coming to the United States to escape persecution, including religious persecution, they all have an interest in telling about the religious component inherent in the making of the American People.

In a 2017 Gallup survey, American religious affiliation was:

38% Protestant
21% Catholic
9%                Non-denominational Christian
2%                Mormon
2%                Jewish
5%                Other religions
20%             None
4%                Undesignated

The Museum’s story begins with the history of indigenous Americans and will discuss their spiritual practices which are largely tribal-based. After first contact with Europeans in the hemisphere from predominantly Catholic countries, the story of extensive missionary activity will be discussed.

After 1607, many of the first English settlers to cross the Atlantic settling in New England were fleeing religious persecution. In Pennsylvania, it’s leader William Penn, a Quaker, welcomed Germans who were practicing Lutherans and a variety of other sects as well. Pennsylvania became known as “an asylum for banished sects.” Virginia came under the provenance of the Church of England. In the 18^th Century, Evangelism, Baptist and Methodist denominations gained strength and influential preachers spread across the land, especially in the South.

A number of significant denominations were founded in the Untied States including the Church of Latter Day Saints also known as Mormons, Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Church of Christ, Scientist.

While Catholicism came with Spanish explorers, Maryland became the focus of the Catholic Church in the English colonies. Since then, most Catholics came to what is now the Untied States with the large scale immigrations from Ireland, Eastern Europe and Italy, and more became US citizens after the U.S. took over Mexican and Spanish lands.

Jews largely came in three cycles: Sephardic Jews who settled in five East Coast port cities in the 1600s, German Jews who came starting in the 1820s and Jews from Eastern European and Ottoman lands in the late 19^th and early 20^th Century.

With the First Amendment to the Constitution paving the way, the United States established a home for peoples of all religions. The story of the religions of the American people played a significant role in forging the nation and it will be told in the National Museum of the American People.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#12: Together the Components of the NMAP Will Constitute a Major New National Institution

NMAP Staff — Mon, 14 Jan 2019 14:00:03 +0000

Components of the National Museum of the American People will be focused on discovering and disseminating information about the making of the American People and their contributions to the nation and to the world. These components, some of which will be sources of income for the Museum, will combine to create a major new national institution that can unify our nation and propel it as a force of good in the world.

At the core of the Museum will be its Permanent Exhibition telling the central story of peoples coming from every corner of the world and becoming Americans. That story begins with the first humans in the Western Hemisphere and continues through today. It includes every ethnic, nationality and minority group in our nation.

To more deeply understand and disseminate that story the museum will house a variety of major components. These could include:

1) CENTER FOR ADVANCED STUDIES OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

The Center for Advanced Studies of the American People is envisioned as a major academic institution housed in the Museum. In addition to conducting and supporting scholarly research, the Center could publish a scholarly journal and relevant articles as well as sponsor seminars, conferences, workshops, courses and lectures to advance knowledge in this field. Although the Center could maintain a core staff of scholars, it could also sponsor a scholars-in-residence program and create affiliations with colleges, universities and related research institutions.

2) NATIONAL GENEALOGICAL CENTER

The National Genealogical Center could be a national repository of genealogy information where Museum visitors – and others online – would have an opportunity to gather information about their ancestors as well as about the descendants and antecedents of famous Americans.

The Museum could also explore having visitors participate in a DNA contribution program that could enable researchers to trace a person’s migration patterns.

3) ARCHIVE AND LIBRARY OF AMERICAN MIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION

The Museum could incorporate an archive and library of American migration and immigration within the Museum. It could have one of the premier holdings of books, maps, documents, photographs, oral histories, film and video, music, art and other publications and information that touch on the subject matter of the Museum. It could work in concert with the Library of Congress and the National Archives on this component.

4) EDUCATION AND RESOURCE CENTER

The Museum’s Education and Resource Center could have a two-pronged mission: to teach the story of the American people to students visiting the Museum, and to foster the teaching of that story in schools throughout the nation and the world.

5) SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS

Several spaces within the Museum could be designated for special exhibitions. These exhibition spaces could allow the Museum to explore selected permanent exhibition subjects in more depth. The special exhibitions could also present contemporary issues, art, new discoveries and stories about peoples not covered in the Permanent Exhibition.

6) TRAVELING AND ONLINE EXHIBITIONS

Special portable exhibitions of different sizes and scopes could be prepared for exhibition at museums and other public spaces throughout the United States and the world. The Museum website could incorporate a variety of online exhibitions even as the Museum is under construction.

7) FILM CENTER

Complementing the research center, the Museum’s film and video library could include documentary and fictional productions encompassing all aspects of the Museum’s story. The Museum could maintain a regular movie schedule in a state-of-the-art movie theater and could study the feasibility of including an IMAX-type theater.

8) COLLECTIONS

The Museum could endeavor to gather significant authentic objects from throughout the world to help tell its story. These artifacts could come from gifts and donations from individuals, museums and other institutions, and other nations, as well as from long-term loans from various institutions. Selected objects from the collection would help the Museum tell its story. As in other museums, a relatively small share of its collections would be on display at any one time. A secure off-site facility might be required to store these objects. Curators there would be able to research, catalog, authenticate and preserve these objects for posterity, future study and display.

9) PEOPLING OF AMERICA CENTER

A Peopling of America Center could study sites throughout the nation where events of significant migration and immigration history took place and, in conjunction with the National Park Service, designate such sites as Peopling of America national historic landmarks.

10) PUBLIC PROGRAMS

Two theaters, one large and the other smaller, could be housed in the Museum to accommodate a variety of public programs including lectures, films and a range of performances and productions touching on histories and cultures reflecting the diverse audiences of the Museum’s constituency.

11) RESTAURANTS

The Museum could explore including restaurants for the public. A food court, specializing in relatively inexpensive authentic foods from throughout the world and nation, would be able to serve visitors to the Museum. In addition, a separate Museum destination dining room could offer premium meals from different parts of the world and could feature visiting foreign and regional chefs.

12) BOOK STORE AND GIFT SHOP

Popular and recent books and videos relating to the Museum’s subject as well as posters, photographs, CDs, DVDs, digital content, replicas of Museum artifacts and a variety of other appropriate gifts and souvenirs fitting a range of tastes and budgets could be sold at the Museum’s book store and gift shop.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#11: NMAP Has Broad Support From Organizations Representing All Americans

NMAP Staff — Thu, 10 Jan 2019 14:00:25 +0000

The 248 ethnic organizations (and counting) that have signed on to support the National Museum of the American People all want one thing: they want their stories told about how and when and why they came to this land and nation and became Americans. And they want them told in a major national museum near the center of our nation’s capital.

The will tell the story of the making of the American People starting with the first humans in the Western Hemisphere and continuing through today. The organizations that have signed on represent 73 different ethnic/nationality/minority groups that together represent virtually every sizable group in the nation, well over 95 percent of all Americans. The museum will embody our original national motto – E Pluribus Unum (From Many, One).

The museum will tell all of our stories through four chapters of the museum’s permanent exhibition:

1) First Peoples Come (15-20,000 years ago to 1607;

2) The Nation Takes Form (1607-1820);

3) The Great In-gathering (1820-1924); and

4) And Still They Come (1924-Today).

Of the 248 organizations backing the museum, there are 135 representing groups whose ancestors came from every part of Europe, 37 who came from throughout Asia and the Pacific Islands, 36 from the Americas, including 14 Native American organizations, 18 from Africa and a variety of others from throughout the world.

Italian, Scandinavian and Scottish Americans each have 10 organizations backing the museum; Irish, Russian and Polish Americans each have 9 organizations signed on; and there are 8 German, 7 Jewish and 6 Baltic American organizations. All of the organizations are listed on the museum’s web site.* Generally, people who put down “American” on the Census form have ancestors who came from England, Scotland, Ireland and Germany during the 17 and 18^th centuries. They and their descendants thoroughly intermingled and 200 years later they describe their ethnicity as American.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#10: Would the NMAP be Part of the Smithsonian … or Not?

NMAP Staff — Mon, 07 Jan 2019 14:00:01 +0000

Museums in Washington, DC fall under three forms of governance:

Part of the public Smithsonian system
Public but independent of the Smithsonian
Private

The National Museum of the American People could be governed in any of these ways … or in a new way.

The Smithsonian Institution, with ## museums and other facilities in and around Washington and other facilities elsewhere, is obviously the dominant model in this region. Two of its newest museums both focus on groups of Americans, the National Museum of African American History and Culture and the National Museum of the American Indian. Most of its museums focus on art, several on science, both physical and natural, and three on history of people, the National Museum of American History as well as the African American and American Indian museums.

There are efforts to have the Smithsonian build two more museums, one about the history of American women and the other about the American Latino. The NMAP also requested that the Smithsonian undertake a feasibility study for a museum about the making of the American People.

While the Smithsonian would undoubtedly like to be able to take on all these projects it is being pushed to the wall financially by significant unplanned costs. The biggest is the unexpected need that came to light in the last couple of years to completely renovate the most visited and largest museum in its system, the Air and Space Museum.

Engineering studies of that museum revealed that its entire façade needs to be replaced by new and significantly thicker marble cladding along with other extensive renovations taking place in concert with the new façade. The price tag is around $1 billion for this work. In addition, the extraordinary success of the African American museum has led to a range of unanticipated expenditures.

While the Smithsonian is run as a public-private partnership and receives corporate and other private support, the largest share of its annual operating income is from federal appropriations.

There are also other significant public museums in the Washington area that are independent of the Smithsonian. Museums in this category include the Unites States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the National Gallery of Art, both its main building and its East Wing. All three are on or just off of the National Mall.

Other public non-Smithsonian museums in the DC area include those operated by the National Park Service, the Army, Navy and Air Force and some others operated by federal agencies and local governments. Some of these are also operated as public-private partnerships.

Three of the newest museums in Washington are private: the Newseum, the Spy Museum and the Bible Museum. They have been supported by some combination of private organizations and wealthy individuals.

Given the Smithsonian’s fiscal issues and the current fiscal climate in Washington a new approach is needed now: A public museum paid for and operated with private donations. The planning and construction of the US Holocaust Museum was paid for by private funding and while it continues to receive significant gifts for a variety of special programs and exhibitions, the bulk of its annual operating expenses are from federal appropriations and it is considered a public museum.

National Museum of the American People is proposing a new public-private relationship where all of the funds to plan, build and operate the museum would come from private donations and other non-federal sources, it would be designated a public museum by Congress and land for the museum, a priceless commodity in Washington, could be transferred from one federal agency, the National Park Service for example, to the museum’s governing entity. At the same time, all of the funds to plan, build and operate the museum would technically be gifts to the government earmarked for that purpose.

In this model, private funding would pay for a feasibility study which in turn would pave the way for Congressional action designating the museum as a national museum, transferring the land for it, setting up the museum’s governing body and requiring all of the funds to come from private or other non-federal donations.

The governing body for the NMAP could be selected by a process involving public and private sector officials as designated in the legislation creating the museum institution.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#9: Ch. 4 — AND STILL THEY COME: 1924-2024

NMAP Staff — Thu, 03 Jan 2019 14:00:42 +0000

This is the fourth of four blogs to describe how the National Museum of the American People will tell its story through four chapters.

The 4th chapter of this story will take us from 1924 through 2024. The National Museum of the American People will portray the changes that mark the dynamic rich mixture of people that we label “American” as it continues to evolve.

Taking Citizenship Oath at Naturalization Ceremony in Seattle

Immigration slowed to a trickle after 1924 until the end of World War II due to the imposition of quotas. These were based on already existing subpopulations of the United States. While it remained relatively easy to emigrate from Western Europe, those from Eastern and Southern Europe, Africa and Asia had a much more difficult time getting into the U.S. This slowdown was exasperated by the Great Depression and there was even a net emigration away from the U.S. during the deepest four years of the Depression.

Following the Second World War, America became the preferred home for refugees from Europe, including Holocaust survivors. From 1941 to 1987, the U.S. accepted 4.4 million immigrants from Europe, 4.3 million from Asia, and 5.5 million from Latin America and the Caribbean, including Mexico.

From 1948 through 1980, some 2.3 million persons were admitted to the U.S. as humanitarian and political refugees, including about 450,000 persons displaced after World War II from 1948 through 1952; 692,000 Cubans from 1962-79; and 400,000 Vietnamese, Cambodians and Laotians from 1975-79.

The fourth chapter of the NMAP’s permanent exhibition will continue to tell the story of migrations within the country. It will include the forced migration of Japanese to internment camps during World War II, the continuing westward movement, the movement of African Americans from the South to the industrialized North as well as the movement of vast numbers of Americans from cities to suburbs, and the current movement of young people to cities.

In the post-War years, immigration from Mexico and Puerto Rico became major parts of this story. During recent years, immigrant groups in significant numbers have included Chinese, Japanese, Filipinos, Koreans, South Asians and Vietnamese. Others have included Caribbeans, Central Americans, Soviet Jews, Dominicans, Haitians, Africans and a variety of Europeans. Over the last few decades, one of the biggest national stories has been the steady flow of immigrants, both documented and undocumented, from Mexico and Central America. The compelling story of new immigrants to our nation is still writing itself.

Today, immigration is an issue that has opened a significant rift in our nation’s body politic. One of the goals of the National Museum of the American People is to help bring our nation back together by telling the story of the making of the American People … all of us.

NOTE: Some of the material herein is based on Coming to America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life by Roger Daniels. Leading scholars are expected to develop a detailed outline of the Museum’s story following the establishment of the Museum.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#8: Ch. 3 — The Great In-Gathering: 1820-1924

NMAP Staff — Thu, 20 Dec 2018 14:00:37 +0000

This is the third of four blogs to describe how the National Museum of the American People will tell its story through four chapters.

The third chapter of the story that the National Museum of the American People will tell brings us up to the period of our great grandparents, our grandparents and, for many, our parents. It delves into the history of those groups that came from all over the world during this great century of immigration from 1820 to 1924. This century, characterized by industrialization and urbanization and tragically punctuated by the Civil War, saw 36 million immigrants flow to the United States. The ancestors of most Americans came here during this period.

About two-thirds, 22.4 million, came between 1881 and 1920. The decade 1901 to 1910 alone saw 8.8 million immigrants, almost a million every year. In general, older stock European immigrants moved to settle the western frontiers while newer immigrants tended to stake their fortunes in the new urban and industrial frontiers.

From 1820 to 1914, 30 million came from Europe, including 5 million Germans, 4.5 million Irish, 4.5 million Italians, 2.6 million Poles, 2.6 million English and 2 million Jews (at first mostly from Germany and then from Poland and Russia).

In addition, 2.2 million crossed over from Canada, 900,000 crossed from Mexico and other parts of Latin America, 370,000 were Chinese and 275,000 were Japanese. Others included Scandinavians, Greeks, Arabs, Armenians, Turks, Hungarians, Russians, Austrians and others from Eastern Europe. All of these peoples added to the rich mix we call Americans

The stories of each of these and other immigrant groups, and the change in immigration patterns over time of these groups, will be told in this chapter of the National Museum of the American People. The further geographical expansion of the nation to include ever more peoples will also be covered, including the movements into lands purchased (Alaska and parts of Arizona); obtained through treaty and annexation (the Pacific Northwest, Hawaii and most of Texas); and war (the U.S. Southwest, including California, and Puerto Rico).

This period ends with a series of restrictive immigration laws including the Chinese Exclusion laws of the 1880s and the Immigration Act of 1924.

This chapter includes the story of Ellis Island from 1892, when it opened, until it stopped functioning as a reception center in 1932. Some 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island, a third of all that arrived during this century of immigration. While some of these stories are told in many ethnic museums around the nation, with Ellis Island being the most prominent, nowhere is the full story of this period told in a full chronological and comprehensive manner.

NOTE: Some of the material herein is based on Coming to America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life by Roger Daniels. Leading scholars are expected to develop a detailed outline of the National Museum of the American People’s story following the establishment of the Museum.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#7: Ch. 2 – The Nation Takes Form: 1607–1820

NMAP Staff — Tue, 18 Dec 2018 14:41:56 +0000

This is the second of four blogs to describe how the National Museum of the American People will tell its story through four chapters.

The second chapter of the story that the National Museum of the American People will tell covers the major settlement groups who came to America from 1607 to 1820 and the consequences of this settlement on the native peoples in what is now the Eastern U.S. The chapter will also focus on the inflow of Western Europeans and Africans in the East, and Hispanics settling in what is now the U.S. Southwest. This chapter is bisected by the American Revolution and creation of the nation.

It will go on to explore the new nation’s westward expansion as it takes in new peoples with the Louisiana Purchase extending the nation to the Mississippi River and the annexation of Florida. The migration within what is now the United States by both settlers and natives will also be covered.

Chapter 2 begins with the first permanent English settlement in Jamestown in 1607. This is generally recognized as the beginning of the Colonial Period. While scholars will provide the essential history of this period, the NMAP will also explore myths and legends about these times, some of which persist.

Europeans in the 18th and 19th centuries, as they pushed west across the continent, reported encountering pristine forests and massive herds of bison and believed that it was always thus. Now, our best evidence suggests that humans settled and dominated most of the land and kept the vegetation and bison in check long before Europeans arrived. In the two hundred years after the near demise of the native population due to disease and government policies, both before and after the nation was formed, the bison population exploded, the land went to seed and “virgin forests” spread.

As visitors walk through this history from 1607 to the adoption of the U.S. Constitution in 1789 they will learn that about 600,000 Europeans who came and 300,000 Africans who were brought to the English colonies. Virtually all of the Africans came as slaves and about half of the Europeans were indentured servants or convicts.

While English immigrants dominated this influx and largely settled in Virginia, Maryland and New England, only a minority, even in New England — even on the Mayflower itself — were Pilgrims and Puritans. While some indeed came to escape religious persecution, most of the English came for economic opportunities. It took about a century before these colonies achieved a self-sustaining population.

The African slave trade with Europe began in the mid-15th Century, before Columbus’ voyage, with the Spanish and Portuguese importing slaves first to Europe and Atlantic islands and then to Spanish and Portuguese America.

It has been calculated that up to a third of all slaves taken out of Africa died aboard ships as they sailed across what was known as the Middle Passage. An unknown number of lives were also lost in Africa, mostly in a strip about 100 miles wide along the central West Coast, as a result of the slave trade from attempts to capture them and on their journey to ports of embarkation.

More than 10 percent of imported slaves — some 50,000 — came after Congress abolished the slave trade in 1810. Slaves brought to this land are the ancestors of more than 20 million Americans, the second largest group in the nation after German Americans.

This chapter also begins showing an inkling of the great diversity of peoples that will characterize the American people. By 1790 there were significant numbers of Scotch, Irish and German immigrants living side-by-side with the English colonists, with smaller numbers of Dutch, French, Swedish, Spanish and others. Each group added to and influenced the language, culture, economy and politics of the fledgling nation.

The Scotch settled primarily in the Carolinas, Georgia, Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee. The first Irish immigrants tended toward the middle and southern states. Few Germans went to New England and instead migrated to the middle states, with Pennsylvania getting most of them.

The Dutch went mostly to New York and New Jersey where the early colony of New Amsterdam had been. The French settled almost entirely in the Northwest Territories of modern Canada and on a long and narrow swath that ran from Detroit down the Mississippi River to New Orleans.

The Spanish at this point were in territories in Florida, California and New Mexico. The largest of a small contingent of Swedes was in New Mexico. Jews were scattered throughout the colonies and established outposts in the port cities of New York, Newport, Savannah, Philadelphia and Charleston. Smaller numbers of many other European ethnicities came as well, mixed among other groups.

The National Museum of the American People will show where each group settled and how they contributed to the creation of the nation.

At the heart of this chapter is the story of the creation of the nation. The history about the relationship of the 13 colonies with England, the actions and reactions that led to that relationship souring to the point of being irreconcilable, the American Revolutionary War and the creation of the United States of America will all be told.

Groups that played significant roles in the lead-up to the Revolutionary War, played a major role during the war, and were represented among the Founding Fathers are part of this story. The museum will also explore where the ideas came from for our founding documents: the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the Federalist Papers and the Constitution.

Facets of this chapter are told in partial ways at a variety of on-site museums and recreated exhibitions such as at Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, Plimoth Plantation, Savannah and Charleston. The new National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington tells the story about African slavery in the United States during this period and the new American Revolution Museum in Philadelphia tells the story about that war.

But there are no institutions that tell the full and comprehensive story about this phase of the making of the American people. The National Museum of the American People will be the first to do so.

NOTE: The material herein is based in part on the books 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus by Charles C. Mann and Coming to America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life by Roger Daniels. Leading scholars will develop the museum’s story following the establishment of the museum.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#6: Ch. 1 – First Peoples Come: 15-20,000 Years Ago – 1607

Sam Eskenazi — Thu, 13 Dec 2018 17:00:18 +0000

This is the first of four blogs to describe how the National Museum of the American People will tell its story through four chapters.

Most histories about the making of the peoples of this nation begin with the arrival of European explorers after 1492 and the first European settlers around 1600. We propose that the full story must also encompass the history, so far as it is known, of the first peoples to have settled on this land, an occurrence thought to have taken place less than 20,000 years ago.

This seldom told and little understood story about great and diverse civilizations, cultures and peoples that prevailed in the Western Hemisphere and throughout North America before 1607 is an integral part of the history of the American People. The museum’s first chapter would start with the earliest known groups to come to what is now the United States.

Contemporary research indicates that there were probably more people living in the Americas than in Europe when Columbus landed. The people living here had transformed the land so completely that when Europeans arrived in the hemisphere, it had already been massively ‘landscaped’ by humans.

Using the latest findings from the fields of archeology, genetics, history, linguistics, demography, geography, anthropology, contemporary American Indians studies and other sources, the Museum would portray the long history of human settlement and accomplishment in this land before 1607.

The National Museum of the American People would try to answer a long list of questions: When did the first humans come to this land? How did they get here? Did they come in different waves? Why did they come? How did their cultures evolve from when they arrived to 2,000 years ago to 400 years ago? Answers to these questions will focus on the peoples who populated the Western Hemisphere, including the Caribbean and Pacific Islands that are now part of the United States.

In the century before Columbus, how were Indian tribes distributed across what is now the United States? What were their histories up to 1607? What was the nature of inter-tribal relationships? What are the population estimates for North America in 1607? What was the nature of native culture, economy, governing structures, communications, weapons, agriculture and health?

The first hundred years after Columbus’ voyages were marked largely by Spanish and Portuguese expeditions into what is now Latin America with forays into areas now occupied by Florida, Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. The Museum would explore Hispanic settlements in what is now the United States during this period. While the Spanish and Portuguese dominated the Western Hemisphere in the early part of the 16th Century, the English began their explorations in the 1580s when Sir Walter Raleigh led expeditions to the North Carolina coast.

The main purpose of the Spanish was to exploit the gold and other riches from the Western Hemisphere and to convert the natives to Christianity. Tragically, the Eurasian diseases that the conquistadors brought with them coupled with the natives’ lack of an immune response to fight those diseases led to waves of pandemics that spread throughout the Americas. There is evidence that these killed more than half of the native population, with some estimates ranging up to and above 90 percent, within 150 years of the first contacts.

Because of the spread of these diseases, when the Spanish, Portuguese and British came to the North, they found the Indian populations reeling; their millennia-old civilizations and cultures crashed in a matter of decades. In their weakened state, the Indians could only partially oppose these new settlers on their land.

Some museums, including the Smithsonian’s new National Museum of the American Indian, and the American Museum of Natural History in New York, depict the cultures, beliefs and art and artifacts of different Indian tribes. Others, such as the Pequot Museum in Connecticut, tell the story of a particular tribe. But all of these institutions only give hints about the overall history of native peoples, and can only partially answer the questions raised above due to their narrower focus. In the NMAP, the story of native peoples will be told in the context of all of the people who lived on the land of what is now the United States.

While some of the questions asked here could not have been answered a generation ago, or even a decade ago, new research and discoveries about early human life on this land is bringing more and more of the past into light.

This story of America’s earliest settlers and inhabitants as it is currently known and understood needs to be told, and it needs to be open to updating as new information is found. The National Museum of the American People, working with Native American organizations and scholars supporting the museum as well as others still to come, will stimulate the search for that information.

NOTE: The material herein is based in part on the book 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus by Charles C. Mann. Leading scholars would be expected to develop a detailed outline of the museum’s story following the establishment of the museum.

Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#5. NMAP: The Next Great Story-Telling Museum

Sam Eskenazi — Mon, 10 Dec 2018 10:00:56 +0000

MTFA Architecture of Arlington, Virginia developed a vision of what the National Museum of the American People could look like.

There are only a handful great story-telling museums in the world and Washington, DC has two of them.

While all museums claim that they tell a story, only a few do so in the conventional use of the term. In a true story-telling museum the visitor is on a chronological path that tells a story with a beginning, a middle and an end.

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum which opened in 1993 was one of the first … and the best … until the National Museum of African American History and Culture opened September 2016. Both the USHMM and the NMAAHC shared one crucial ingredient, the great museum exhibition designer Ralph Appelbaum.

MTFA Architecture of Arlington, Virginia developed a vision of what the National Museum of the American People could look like.

In the case of the Holocaust Museum, it’s director Shaike Weinberg did one simple and very brilliant thing. He teamed Appelbaum with a British documentary filmmaker, Martin Smith, who had made documentaries about a variety of World War II subjects. He was the perfect choice to address the huge task of presenting the Holocaust to a diverse audience. With Smith in charge of designing the flow of the permanent exhibition, that’s why when visitors walk through the Holocaust Museum it is like walking through a documentary film of that period from 1932 through 1945 and the aftermath.

Smith and Appelbaum worked so closely together that at presentations when the exhibition design was underway, each would often finish the other’s sentences. They took the history of the Holocaust from a range of scholars and witnesses and weaved a path through that history for the museum’s 40 million visitors (and counting).

A similar creative process was used more than 20 years later to tell the 500-year history of African Americans. The director of that museum, Lonnie Bunch, is a historian and quintessential story-teller.

Now it’s time for a third story-telling museum to be built in our nation’s capital, the National Museum of the American People.

The story about the making of the American People in the NMAP would use the same processes that made those two other great institutions. A premier museum exhibition designer teamed with a great filmmaker to tell about the 20,000-year history of the making of the American People based on the work of a vast range of great scholars.

In the case of the Holocaust and African American museums, the architects worked collaboratively with the exhibition designer, both inside and out, reflecting and amplifying the story-telling process. For example, both museums include a railcar to help tell their stories, the architects made special provisions for them and in both cases the railcars were placed in the museum during construction and the rest of the museum was built around them. The effectiveness of this approach can be seen in two symbiotic ways, the number of of visitors and the visitor experience.

At most museums, whether they focus on art, history or science, an average visit is around an hour and a half. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum has found that its average visitor stay is closer to three hours going through its permanent exhibition with many spending five or more hours. The same has turned out to be true at the National Museum of African American History and Culture as well. In both cases the visitors are caught up in the incredible story being told and the way that it is told. They are literally walking through those compelling histories.

In the past, museums were centered on collections and designed their exhibitions around them. The collections dictated the content. But at the USHMM and the NMAAHC, the museums sought out artifacts from around the nation and from around the world to help them tell their stories. It was the stories that dictated the content with the artifacts bringing the story to life.

The effectiveness of this approach is also seen in the word-of-mouth generated by visitors to true story-telling museums. In the case of the USHMM, they instituted timed-tickets when the museum opened 25 years ago in April, 1993 but assumed they wouldn’t need them after that first summer. A quarter century later it still generates large numbers of visitors and timed tickets are still needed to control the flow through the museum. The NMAAHC shares that same popularity.

The next series of blogs will summarize the story that the NMAP will tell and prospective museum visitors can envision walking through that history where every American will see some part of their story along the way.

— Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#4. A Museum to Bridge Our Nation’s Rift

Sam Eskenazi — Thu, 06 Dec 2018 10:00:27 +0000

Our nation’s airwaves, newsstands, twitter feeds and conversations are saturated these days about how our nation is split. It seems like a dream come true for every enemy and adversary of the United States.

No matter which side they are on, everyone wishes the rift would close. So how do we go about it? The National Museum of the American People can help provide the answer.

The NMAP is about the making of the American People — all of us. It will tell every group’s story from the first humans in the Western Hemisphere to today. The proposed museum will provide and foster a sense of belonging by all Americans and instill a renewed sense of identity as an American. At its core, the museum will be built atop our original national motto, E Pluribus Unum — From Many, One!

The museum has had bipartisan support in Congress and there are now more than 246 organizations representing 70 American ethnic, nationality and minority groups supporting this effort. Together, they represent virtually every American whose group’s story will be told in the museum.

In summary, here are 28 reasons why our nation needs the National Museum of the American People:

It will be America’s only national institution devoted exclusively to telling the full story about the making of the American People;
Our nation was uniquely created and built by peoples from every land; they made us the world’s economic, military, scientific and cultural leader;
It will celebrate all of the peoples who came to this land and nation, from the very first to the most recent;
It will tell the compelling stories about every group’s migration and immigration to these shores and the story of their subsequent migrations within the country;
It will foster a sense of belonging to the nation by telling about the mosaic of people that have come here;
It will contribute to our national identity and unity;
The full story about the making of the American People is not well known or understood by the American People or by foreigners;
People from every American ethnic, nationality, minority and genealogical group will flock to the Museum to see how their own group’s story is told and to learn the stories of every other group;
It has the support of more than 246 diverse organizations representing virtually every major American ethnic and minority group;
Foreign visitors will come to learn about natives of their countries who became Americans;
It will be a top destination for school groups visiting Washington;
It will foster learning nationwide through its education and curriculum programs;
It can become a national pilgrimage destination and be among the most visited museums in the world;
Eminent scholars will provide the intellectual bedrock upon which it will be built;
It has the support of more than 144 scholars of immigration and migration history;
It will incorporate a Center for the Advanced Study of the American People to foster knowledge about who we are;
It will be a resource for state, local and ethnic museums throughout the nation;
It has had bipartisan support;
Canada and Mexico have major national museums in their capitals telling the story of their peoples and they’re among the most visited museums in those nations;
As the central story of our nation, it belongs near the National Mall in Washington;
It can incorporate these components: a film center, genealogical center, nationwide peopling of America sites, bookstore, public programs, collections and special and traveling exhibits;
It will provide a range of knowledge, learning, stimulation and entertainment for visitors;
No federal tax money is planned to design, build or operate it;
It will show how our central documents, the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, helped shape the American character;
Our Constitution begins “We the People of the United States…” This museum will tell who “We the People” are;
It will embody our original national motto: E Pluribus Unum — From Many, One!;
It will be the best story-telling museum in our nation;
It is the most important American museum that doesn’t exist … YET!

— Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#3. The NMAP’s Focus: Answering Who We Are

Sam Eskenazi — Mon, 03 Dec 2018 10:00:55 +0000

The National Museum of the American People aspires to be the best story-telling museum in the world. The making of the American People is certainly one of the greatest stories in the history of the world and the proposed museum will serve an educational purpose that encompasses our planet.

Who are Americans? How did people from everywhere — Europe, Asia and Pacific Islands, Africa and the Americas — assemble to create this nation? This incredible and poignant story is poorly taught to Americans. And it is no wonder that people around the world must wonder about a nation where peoples from their own countries played an important role in building the United States. For Americans, what role did they and their ancestors play in building this nation? For foreigners, what role did their countrymen and women have in our nation-building project?

The museum will be at the top of places to visit for students from across the nation on school trips to Washington. It will foster learning nationwide as schools adopt lesson plans based on the museum’s story, developed in part by the museum’s education department.

There are now 144 leading scholars who signed on to support the museum. They and others cover fields including history, anthropology, archeology, genetics, linguistics and sociology. They will assure that the story the museum tells is based on the best scholarship available. The museum will be able to adjust the story it tells as new scholarship is brought to light.

The museum will host a Center for the Study of the American People with in-house scholars to coordinate a network of scholars throughout the United States and the world studying subjects related to the museum and its central story.

The NMAP would serve as a resource throughout the nation for museums and other institutions that focus on particular ethnic, nationality or race-related subjects and we imagine having a close relationship with such institutions across our national landscape.

The National Museum of the American People can be expected to use reams of data provided by the Census, from the first one mandated by the Constitution and continuing every ten years through today. The museum will use that information and adapt it to modern technology to track the growth of the American people in easily understood electronic graphics showing those who were here and those who are newcomers. Visitors leaving the museum will have an enhanced knowledge of their own stories about becoming Americans and a visceral sense of who the American People are.

— Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#2. The National Museum of the American People; Why We Need It

Sam Eskenazi — Thu, 29 Nov 2018 10:00:52 +0000

Why do we need the National Museum of the American People? There are many correct answers. This blog is the first of three answering that question. In a sense the National Museum of the American People was kick-started at our country’s birth when our founders began the Constitution with the three most powerful words in our nation: “We the People.” The “We” of 2018 has greatly expanded and has been enhanced since its first appearance in 1789. Today it incorporates the descendants of slaves, the natives who were here for millennia, and peoples of every gender, race, nationality, ethnicity and religion whose ancestors are here from every corner of Earth.

How did the United States get to be the world’s leader economically, scientifically, militarily, agriculturally and culturally? The answer, of course, is through the contributions of the American People in all our diversity. The making of the American People is the central story of our nation from first peoples through today. That idea is embedded in the nation’s original national motto bestowed by our founders: E Pluribus Unum … From Many, One!

Among our nation’s first orders of business was to find out more about “We the People.” The Constitution prescribed instituting a decennial census to see just how many were here and where they lived to determine how many representatives each state would have in the U.S. House of Representatives.

The Constitution then went on to expand the definition of who was incorporated into “We the People.” The 14th Amendment said that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States. The 15th Amendment opened voting rights to persons of every race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The 19th Amendment said the right to vote can not be denied or abridged on account of sex. The 26th Amendment allowed citizens 18 years of age or older to vote.

This expansion of who “We the People” are coincided with the ever-growing status of our nation. There is no story-telling museum anywhere that tells this powerful story about the making of the American People in a chronological manner. Visitors will be able to walk along a path where they will encounter their own story, and learn about every other group’s story.

Both Canada and Mexico have museums telling about the history of their people starting with first peoples to inhabit their land. So do a number of other countries around the world. The United States, with the most compelling story of all, doesn’t yet have such a museum. The National Museum of the American People should be … and can be … the best story-telling museum in the world.

The story of our nation is unique. It attracted peoples from every corner of our planet. Our founders designed it so. John Jay declared that: “The portals of the temple we have raised to freedom shall be thrown wide, as an asylum to mankind. America shall receive to her bosom and comfort and cheer the oppressed, the miserable and the poor of every nation and of every clime.”

Patrick Henry declared, “Make [the United States] the home of the skillful, the industrious, the fortunate, the happy, as well as the asylum of the distressed …. Let but this, our celebrated goddess, Liberty, stretch forth her fair hand toward the people of the old world — tell them to come, and bid them welcome.”

The NMAP will tell the story of all of the groups who came and will celebrate each.

The National Museum of the American People is already the most important museum that doesn’t exist … yet. Once open, the museum will gain in importance as it tells our story to generation upon generation of our lofty ideals, for the opportunity for all to succeed that we must continually strive to achieve, about where we’ve fallen short, and about our nation’s great accomplishments.

— Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People

#1. A Museum for America’s Future

Sam Eskenazi — Mon, 26 Nov 2018 10:00:55 +0000

This is the inaugural blog on this platform about the proposed National Museum of the American People which is about the making of the American People. I will be reporting regularly about a host of NMAP topics, American ethnic group histories, related museums, scholarship centered on the museum’s focus, relevant census and other demographic data, and pertinent political issues. The museum is a work in progress and we welcome thoughtful suggestions.

The National Museum of the American People is the most important museum in our country that doesn’t exist … Yet!

It could well be more valuable than any other museum in our country. The NMAP will tell the story about the making of the American People, a story that begins with the first humans in the Western Hemisphere and winds through millennia, centuries and decades to the present.

This story encompasses every person in our nation, whether they or their ancestors over the centuries came from Europe, Africa, Asia or the Americas … or were natives long before. This story is about crossing oceans and continents, whether voluntarily, indentured or enslaved, to get here. This story is one of the most compelling stories in human history. Yet we don’t tell this full story anywhere.

The recently opened National Museum of African American History and Culture was the first major national museum to tell a part of that story in our nation’s capital, and it does so brilliantly, covering a 500-year tale of oppression, slavery, segregation, discrimination struggle and glorious achievements. While the African American story is rightfully told, so must the story be told of all Americans … Americans whose ancestors came from Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean, East Asia and Pacific Islands, South Asia, Central and South America, Africa, and our neighbors Canada and Mexico.

It was George Washington who said, “The bosom of America is open to receive not only the opulent and respectable stranger, but the oppressed and persecuted of all nations and religions.” Following Washington’s invitation and that of many of our nation’s other founders, people came here from every land and nation and became Americans.

Some 90 percent of Americans recognize their ancestry with a hyphenated attribute to an ethnic, nationality or minority group and, more and more, Americans have fascinating combinations of ancestry. We’ve tried to forge an ideal nation based on the idea behind our original national motto: E Pluribus Unum … From Many, One!

When you’re in the U.S. military, you’re an American soldier no matter where your ancestors came from. That unifying theme begins with the first words of our Constitution: “We the People.” Those words are the basis of the first self-governing people based not on a race or ethnic or tribal or religious basis, but on an idea. Our founding documents, the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, all helped to shape the American character.

As that character is reshaped by each succeeding generation, we must continually renew and expand our commitments to our national ideals. The National Museum of the American People will make that task easier for future generations.

— Sam Eskenazi, Director, Coalition for the National Museum of the American People